- Lexikon
- Englisch Abitur
- 3 Grammatik
- 3.4 Infinitiv, Gerundium und Partizip
- 3.4.1 Der Infinitiv (the infinitve)
- Infinitiv-Konstruktionen
Infinitiv-Konstruktionen
Der Infinitiv ist die Grundform des Verbs und kommt meistens mit to vor.
Formen des Infinitivs
| to build | Aktiv | Passiv |
| simple form | They decided to build a raft. | Mark expects the raft to be built in a day. |
| progressive form | They hoped to be building the raft at the weekend. | |
| perfect form | They ought to have built the raft on a Sunday. | A raft ought to have been built for the holidays. |
Anwendung von Infinitivkonstruktionen
Infinitivkonstruktionen tragen zur Verkürzung von Satzgefügen bei. Dort, wo im Deutschen eine etwas umständliche Haupt- und Nebensatzkonstruktion benötigt wird, kommt das Englischen mit einer kürzeren Infinitivkonstruktion aus.
Beispiel:
| Deutsch: | Mein Vater wollte, dass ich sein Auto reinigte. |
| Engl.: | My father wanted me to clean his car. |
Infinitive treten in englischen Satzkonstruktionen mit und ohne to auf:
| Infinitiv mit to | |
| He allowed me to drive his car. | |
| Er erlaubte mir sein Auto zu fahren. |
| Infinitiv ohne to | |
| I saw my friend cross the street. | |
| Ich sah, wie mein Freund die Straße überquerte. |
Funktionen des Infinitivs mit to im Satz
Verb + direktes Objekt + Infinitiv mit to nach Verben des Denkens, Wünschens, Aufforderns, Veranlassens und Verursachens:
to imagine, consider, believe, persuade, encourage, teach, prefer, warn, advise, ask, expect, force, order, permit, tell etc.:
They don't allow people to leave their homes.
She wants him to get a divorce.
Fog caused many flights to be cancelled.
The police asked passers-by not to panic.
People were advised to stay calm.
They were permitted to enter.
| Infinitiv mit to | nach Adjektiven der Gefühle | They were shocked to hear of his death. It was wrong to leave him alone. |
| nach right, wrong, easy, hard, difficult, certain, welcome, due, fit, likely etc. | They are likely to pass the test. | |
| nach Superlativen oder Zahlwörtern | The best singer to enter the contest ... The first woman to enter into politics ... |
| for + direktes Objekt + Infinitiv mit to | nach it is + Adjektiv/Nomen | It's time for us to leave now. I think it's important for children to play together in groups. |
| nach too/ enough + Adjektiv | This box is too heavy for you to carry. | |
| nach wait for, hope for, long for | They are waiting for their friend to arrive. | |
| nach there is/was | There was no time to lose. | |
| bei to blame | Nobody is to blame for what happened. |
Passivischer Infinitiv nach to be, to leave, to remain, to need:
My purse was nowhere to be found.
Much repair remains/needs to be done.
Infinitiv statt deutschem Fragesatz nach Fragewörtern und whether:
I don't have the slightest idea where to look.
Tell me when to add the herbs to the soup.
She can't decide whether to quit her job.
Infinitiv statt deutschem Finalsatz zum Ausdruck von Ziel, Zweck, Absicht:
I took some days off to have a rest.
Comedies are written in order to amuse.
She gathered all the material so as to be better informed.
Folgende Verben stehen häufig in der Konstruktion Verb + Objekt + Infinitiv:
The police asked them not to panic.
Mr. Miller told his son to get dressed.
Weitere Verben sind:
to cause (verursachen, dazu führen),
to order (befehlen),
to expect (erwarten),
to force (zwingen).
Funktionen des Infinitivs ohne to im Satz
| Direktes Objekt + Infinitiv ohne to | nach Verben der sinnlichen Wahrnehmung: to hear, see, feel, watch, notice | We watched the lions come nearer. He felt his heart beat faster. |
| bei to make s.o. to s.th. (veranlassen) | She made him change his mind. aber im Passiv: He was made to leave the house. | |
| to let s.o. do s. th. (zulassen) | They let the children climb over the fence. | |
| to have s.o. do s.th. (beauftragen) | She had the removal men carry the piano. | |
| Nach dem Adverb better: had better do s.th. = es wäre besser, wenn | I'd better leave now to catch the bus. |
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